3 channel helis can move forward reverse and turn left and right Left stick on the tx is throttle and right is rudder and elevator The for and aft movement is accomplished with a rear motor turning a rotor blade horizontely to change the pitch of the heli The first picture is of a 3 channel heli the falcon jet with gyro The gyro on these function as a HH holding the heli in a desired direction on my 3 channel helis without them you will have to continuley adjust the trim for the right and left as the battery runs down with the gyro you do not have to 3.5 means different things for different helis, some use the .5 to control the lights on the heli and some use it for a 2 speed control for the forward and reverse flight 4 channels give you full control with rudder , left and right Throttle, control speed of motors Elevator forward and reverse Aileron slide left and right 2nd photo is a 4 channel coaxial Proto cx 3rd is the 4 channel fixed pitch Blade Msr
*I have moved on to the quad drones yet flying the helo's provide valuable lessons.
*Have you ever stopped and thought that you had learned enough? Hahaha, I certainly did quite a few times and I was incorrect each and every time.
WHat are they and who uses them? Some call them drones, some apply the label “quadcopters” ,though they can have any number of rotors or even be planes— ALSO called them “unmanned aerial systems” (UAS). I prefer to call them “unmanned aerial vehicles” (UAVs).
UAVs are and aren't new. Starting somewhere around 2013, a new trend emerged in the tech toy and aerial imaging market an explosion in popularity of compact multi-rotor RC aircraft, perhaps most notably the DJI Phantom 3 (or similar), a compact quadcopter capable of flying a GoPro either statically mounted or stabilized with a 2-axis gimbal, equipping them with cameras for FPV since cameras got small and video transmitters got cheap. Such technology can have many applications as a hobbiest and as a professional.
Why not to built our own at cheaper rates..:)
So lets get to understanding the drones("quadcopter" in my case) and then i will tell you how to make your own drone including each and every step i used to built my first drone.
>>Lets Get Started
#make_with_kavish #made_in_India
Step 1: Know your quadcopter-How they Work
UVAs break into seven key components:
Main Controller (MC) or Flight Controller
The heart of the flight-control system, this can be thought of as the “brains” of the UAV. It is an embedded computer that has custom software for controlling the aircraft, sometimes user-reprogrammable. In some designs the MC is a separate module with connection ports. On others, especially consumer products, there may be a single PCB (circuit board) that includes the MC, gyros/sensors, ESCs, and other core flight electronics. You can reffer to photos of MC i used in my drone.
>>I used KK2.1.5 Version of flight control board. They are pretty compact and built in gyros.
Gyros/Sensors
For autonomy to work, the MC needs to track how the aircraft is flying. To accomplish this, some form of sensor array is provided. Generally, it will include accelerometers, IMUs (inertial measurement units), and gyros, and may also work in conjunction with positional data from an optical flow system or GPS/compass. Basically, these sensors tell the UAV how fast its acceleration is changing, in what direction, and whether it is right-side up. Those familiar with motorized gimbal camera stabilizers may recognize the same sensor technology being employed here as in gimbals.
Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs)
Each motor has an ESC . In its most basic form, an ESC regulates power going to the motor with which it is paired. More sophisticated systems can also relay data back to the MC, such as vitals about how the motors are performing. With six or more rotors, active feedback makes it possible to keep flying (enough to land safety) if one motor fails.
Receiver
This receiver is for the radio control system. It pairs (“binds”) with the controller the pilot or operator holds, which logically, if confusingly, is known as the “transmitter.” Modern receivers typically operate in the 2.4GHz range (like other license-free radio systems such as Wi-Fi) and have four or more channels, extra channels enabling custom functionality to be relayed via the control signal, in addition to basic piloting inputs. In the hobby world, these extra channels might be used for anything from retracting/extending landing gear to firing off a smoke generator. In aerial imaging applications, the extra channels can sometimes be dedicated to gimbal or camera control.
Motors
In most cases, these are brushless electric motors. The motors are usually paired, each pair a set containing one clockwise (CW) motor partnered with one counterclockwise (CCW) rotating motor, though they may be sold individually. It is important when replacing them or building your own system to use the correct rotational direction in the correct position. This can get confusing, as the propellers are often designated CW or CCW based on which way they screw on, not which way they rotate—which is probably the opposite direction!
Propellers
Light UAVs use plastic propellers, which resist breaking on impact because they are flexible, and they are safer. Heaver models use carbon fiber or other more rigid materials (planes frequently use wood or nylon/glass). Carbon fiber propellers are dangerous, even deadly, and should be used only by experience pilots and well away from people. Unless extreme performance is a concern, the benefits of carbon fiber over plastic are marginal on multi-rotors.
Transmitter
This is the radio controller. UAVs equipped with receivers, can work with a range of transmitters. This allows the user to select the best fit, depending on what features they are looking for and what their budget might be. Systems that include a transmitter (as well as other basic accessories required for flying) are dubbed “ready-to-fly,” and are the simplest to jumpstart the beginner. When investing in a transmitter, generally, compatibility can be determined by referring to the specs for the receiver. It will need to support the same protocol as the receiver and support at least as many channels as the receiver requires.
So, for example, 4-channel receiver will work happily with a 6-channel transmitter. >>I used Fly sky CT6B- 6 channel radio control.
So i think its enough to understand our drone with quite brief introduction and now its time to move to our DIY section..:)
*Forget about paying for the accreditation, learn the skills you need and become proficient in your desired career choice.
There are so many companies looking for people of all ages proficient within their respected disciplines.
I've met men and women with all sorts of diplomas, labels and certs that couldn't pour piss out of a boot.
I'm hiring and I never ask for your highest level of learning. I place multiple tasks in front of an individual and simply say, "Complete the task I asked".
Let's face it, great friendships are priceless. Good friends can lift your spirits, make you laugh, and remind you that you are loved. Is your friendship as strong as it can be? Here are traits that healthy friendships share.
Good Friends Are Real and Honest
Friends make you feel comfortable with yourself, so you don't need to act like something you're not. Your friends know your shortcomings and love you anyway. You are perhaps the "best version" of yourself when you're with your friend.
To that end, a healthy friendship includes plenty of gentle honesty. Your friend won't lie to you, but they won't try and hurt your feelings either. As a result, you'll know where you stand with your friend and won't be afraid to share your true opinions. They address issues, forgive, and move on. More »
They Encourage Other Friendships
Even if you have the best BFFimaginable, it doesn't hurt to expand yoursocial circle. That's why great friends will nurture your relationship yet still encourage you to meet people and trynew things without them. A healthy friendship means that sometimes the two of you spend time apart, and that's okay. Because your friend helps you be a strong version of yourself, you feel free to establish your own identity.
They Trust Each Other
A healthy friendship has a large degree of trust. Just look at a friendship like the one between Oprah Winfrey and Gayle King. Gayle could probably share a lot of details about Oprah but she doesn't because the trust level between the two is high.
Trust means that you feel comfortable sharing your feelings or the details of your life because you know your friend won'tgossip behind your back or throw it back in your face.
There Is a Healthy Respect of Boundaries
Healthy friendships "feel" right to both parties involved. This means that one person isn't longing for more time together, acting clingy, or feeling ignored. A friendship like this may take some time to develop until there is a balance that works so both people can settle in to the relationship.
Nurture Each Other
Any relationship worth having takes work, but that doesn't mean it has to be difficult. Spending time on the friendship in a variety of ways (cards, time together, phone calls, Facebook) can help keep it a priority for both individuals involved. While good friends don't need to spend time together constantly, they do think of each other regularly and take time to nurture their relationship.
Stay up to date on the latest Friendship news and learn more about meeting new people, forming friendships, and keeping great pals in your life. Sign up for ourfree Friendship newslettertoday!
What’s relevant is the willingness to take one step at a time toward what feels most alive to us.
When you let go of trying to know what’s going on, you become truly free.
You realize that there is only the act of living life one moment at a time. Everything else is a figment of your imagination, a thought filled with puffs of smoke.
Finding Your Path — The Video
Below you’ll find the video that complements this article. As always, watch it first, then read the rest of this article.
The first step is to stop the search. Call off the dogs.
Life is not something my mind can grasp. Speculation is possible. Certainty is not.
As you relax, you begin to notice that you have an inner GPS working for you. You have access to feelings and nudges.
But overthink, worry, or try to figure things out and those signals are drowned out in a sea of frustration.
It may feel like life will fall apart if you stop trying to control, but I’ve found the exact opposite to be true.
As Rumi once said:
Don’t worry that your life is turning upside down. How do you know that the side you are used to is better than the one to come?
You don’t know what is going to happen. You don’t know what the future holds. So you might as well relax.
2. Use What You Have
When I work with people, I notice a sense of urgency, a rush to success.
If someone wants to be a writer, they want to have written their book. They want to already be a successful author.
They’re focused on destinations. But life is a process, a journey.
To yearn for an achievement is to yearn for an artificial sweetener. It may taste sweet at first, but it has no substance.
Instead of thinking of what you don’t have, focus on what you can do with what you have. Focus on right here, right now.
If you feel the urge to write, then write. Start a blog. Write flash fiction. It doesn’t matter if you don’t have an audience. What matters is that you start.
Remember, it’s not up to you to figure out where you’re going. It’s up to you to follow your heart, your GPS.
Birds do not worry when they fly. They simply fly.
Would Donald Trump approve waterboarding? “You bet your ass” he would.
From the look of the presidential campaign, war crimes are back on the American agenda. We really shouldn’t be surprised, because American officials got away with it last time—and, in the case of the drone wars, continue to get away with it today. Still, there’s nothing like the heady combination of a “populist” Republican race for the presidency and national hysteria over terrorism to make Americans want to reach for those “enhanced interrogation techniques.” That, as critics have long argued, is what usually happens if war crimes aren’t prosecuted.
In August 2014, when President Obama finally admitted that “we tortured some folks,” he added a warning. The recent history of US torture, he said, “needs to be understood and accepted. We have to as a country take responsibility for that so hopefully we don’t do it again in the future.” By pinning the responsibility for torture on all of us “as a country,” Obama avoided holding any of the actual perpetrators to account.
Unfortunately, “hope” alone will not stymie a serial war criminal—and the president did not even heed his own warning. For seven years his administration has done everything except help the country “take responsibility” for torture and other war crimes. It looked the other way when it comes to holding accountable those who set up and ran the CIA’s large-scale torture operations at its “black sites” around the world. It never brought charges against those who ordered torture at Guantánamo. It prosecuted no one, above all not the top officials of the Bush administration.
Now, in the endless run-up to the 2016 presidential elections, we’ve been treated to some pretty strange gladiatorial extravaganzas, with more to come in 2016. In these peculiarly American spectacles, Republican candidates hurl themselves at one another in a frenzied effort to be seen as the candidate most likely to ignore the president’s wan hope and instead “do it again in the future.” As a result, they are promising to commit a whole range of crimes, from torture to the slaughter of civilians, for which the leaders of some nations would find themselves hauled into international court as war criminals. But “war criminal” is a label reserved purely for people we loathe, not for us. To paraphrase former President Richard Nixon, if the United States does it, it’s not a crime.
In the wake of the brutal attacks in Paris and San Bernardino, the promises being openly made to commit future crimes have only grown more forthright. A few examples from the presidential campaign trail should suffice to make the point:
* Ted Cruz guarantees that “we” will “utterly destroy ISIS.” How will we do it? “We will carpet bomb them into oblivion”—that is, “we” will saturate an area with munitions in such a way that everything and everyone on the ground is obliterated. Of such a bombing campaign against the Islamic State, he told a cheering crowd at the Rising Tide Summit, “I don’t know if sand can glow in the dark, but we’re going to find out.” (It’s hard not to take this as a reference to the use of nuclear weapons, though in the bravado atmosphere of the present Republican campaign a lot of detailed thought is undoubtedly not going into any such proposals.)
* Kindly retired pediatric neurosurgeon Ben Carson evidently has similar thoughts. When pressed by CNN co-moderator Hugh Hewitt in the most recent Republican debate on whether he was “tough” enough to be “okay with the deaths of thousands of innocent children and civilian[s],” Carson replied, “You got it. You got it.” He even presented a future campaign against the Islamic State in which “thousands” of children might die as an example of the same kind of tough love a surgeon sometimes exhibits when facing a difficult case. It’s like telling a child, he assured Hewitt, that “we’re going to have to open your head up and take out this tumor. They’re not happy about it, believe me. And they don’t like me very much at that point. But later on, they love me.” So, presumably, will those “dead innocent children” in Syria—once they get over the shock of being dead.
* Jeb Bush’s approach brought what, in Republican circles, passes for nuance to the discussion of future war-crimes policy. What Washington needs, he argued, is “a strategy,” and what stands in the way of the Obama administration’s developing one is an excessive concern with the niceties of international law. As he put it, “We need to get the lawyers off the back of the warfighters. Right now under President Obama, we’ve created…this standard that is so high that it’s impossible to be successful in fighting ISIS.” Meanwhile, Jeb hassurrounded himself with a familiar clique of neocon “advisers”—people like George W. Bush’s former deputy secretary of defense Paul Wolfowitz and his former deputy national security advisor Stephen Hadley, who planned for and advocated the illegal US war against Iraq, which touched off a regional war with devastating human consequences.
* And then there is Donald Trump. Where to start? As a simple baseline for his future commander-in-chiefdom, he stated without a blink that he would bring back torture. “Would I approve waterboarding?” he told a cheering crowd at a November rally in Columbus, Ohio. “You bet your ass I would—in a heartbeat.” And for Trump, that would only be the beginning. He assured his listeners, vaguely but emphatically, that he “would approve more than that,” leaving to their imaginations whether he was thinking of excruciating “stress positions,” relentless exposure to loud noise, sleep deprivation, the straightforward killingof prisoners, or what the CIA used to delicately refer to as “rectal rehydration.” Meanwhile, he just hammers on when it comes to torture. “Don’t kid yourself, folks. It works, okay? It works. Only a stupid person would say it doesn’t work.”
Only a stupid person—like, perhaps, one of the members of the Senate Intelligence Committee who carefully studied the CIA’s grim torture documents for years, despite the Agency’s foot-dragging, opposition, and outright interference (including computer hacking)—would say that. But why even bother to argue about whether torture works? The point, Trump claimed, was that the very existence of the Islamic State means that someone needs to be tortured. “If it doesn’t work,” he told that Ohio crowd, “they deserve it anyway.”
Only a few days later, he triumphantly sallied even further into war criminal territory. He declared himself ready to truly hit the Islamic State where it hurts. “The other thing with the terrorists,” he told Fox News, “is you have to take out their families, when you get these terrorists, you have to take out their families. They care about their lives, don’t kid yourself. When they say they don’t care about their lives, you have to take out their families.” Because it’s a well-known fact—in Trumpland at least—that nothing makes people less likely to behave violently than murdering their parents and children. And it certainly doesn’t matter, when Trump advocates it, that murder is a crime.
THE PROBLEM WITH IMPUNITY
Not that you’d know it in this country, but the common thread in all of these proposed responses to the Islamic State isn’t just the usual Republican hawkishness. Each one represents a serious violation of US laws, international laws of war, and/or treaties and conventions that the United States has signed and ratified under Republican as well as Democratic presidents. Most campaign trail discussions of plans—both Republican and Democratic—to defeat ISIS have focused only on instrumental questions: Would carpet bombing, torture, or making sand glow in the dark work?
Candidates and reporters alike have ignored the obvious larger point—if, that is, we weren’t living in a country that had given itself a blanket pass on the issue of war crimes. Carpet-bombing cities, torturing prisoners, and rendering lands uninhabitable are all against the law. They are, in fact, grave crimes. That even critics of these comments will not identify such potential acts as war crimes can undoubtedly be attributed, at least in part, to the fact that no one—other than afew low-level military personnel and a CIA whistleblower who spoke publicly about the Agency’s torture agenda—has been prosecuted in the United States for the startling array of crimes already committed in the so-called War on Terror.
President Obama set the stage for this failure as early as January 2009, just before his first inauguration. He toldABC’s George Stephanopoulos that, when it came to the possible prosecution of CIA officials for US torture policies, “We need to look forward as opposed to looking backwards.” He didn’t, he assured Stephanopoulos, want the “extraordinarily talented people” at the Agency “who are working very hard to keep Americans safe… to suddenly feel like they’ve got to spend all their time looking over their shoulders and lawyering up.” As it turned out, lawyering up was never a problem. In the end, Attorney General Eric Holder declined to charge any CIA personnel, closing the only two cases the Justice Department had even opened. Nor did any of the top officials responsible for the “enhanced interrogation” program, including President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, or CIA Director George Tenet, need to waste a cent on a lawyer. Instead, they’re now happilypublishingtheirmemoirs. Or, in the cases of Jay Bybee and John Yoo, the Justice Department authors of some of the more infamous “torture memos,”serving as a federal judge or occupying an endowed chair at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, respectively.
On December 1, 2015, perhaps driven to frustration by the Obama administration’s ultimate failure to act, Human Rights Watch (HRW) released a 153-page report titled “No More Excuses.” In it, the organization detailed the specific crimes relating to that CIA torture program for which a dozen high-level officials of the Bush administration could have been brought to trial and called for their prosecution. HRW pointed out that such prosecutions are not, in fact, a matter of choice. They are required by international law (even if the alleged criminals have run the planet’s last superpower). For example, the United Nations Convention against Torture, a key treaty that the United States signed in 1988 (under President Ronald Reagan) and finally ratified in 1994 (under President Bill Clinton), specifically requires our nation to take “effective legislative, administrative, judicial, or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction.”
It doesn’t matter if there’s a war on, or if there’s internal unrest. The Convention says, “No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.”
Whenever torture is used, it’s a violation of that treaty, and that makes it a crime. When it’s used against prisoners of war, it’s also a violation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and therefore a war crime. No exceptions.
But when Obama acknowledged that “we tortured some folks,” he claimed an exception for American torture. He cautioned us against overreacting. “It’s important for us not to feel too sanctimonious in retrospect about the tough job that those folks had,” he said, referring to the CIA’s corps of torturers. He pointed to American fear—of the very sort we’re seeing again over San Bernardino—as an exculpatory factor, reminding us of just how frightened all of us, including CIA operatives, were in the days after 9/11.
As it happens, whatever the former constitutional law professor in the White House or hotel-builder Donald Trump may believe, torture remains illegal. It makes no difference how frightened people may be of potential terrorists. After all, it’s partly because people do wicked things when they are afraid that we make laws in the first place—so that, when fear clouds our minds, we can be reminded of what we decided was right in less frightening times. That’s why the Convention against Torture says “no exceptional circumstances whatsoever” excuse such acts.
But the UN Convention is just a treaty, right? It’s not really a law. In fact, when the United States ratifies a treaty, it becomes part of American law underArticle VI of our Constitution, which states that the Constitution itself and
“… all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.”
So even if torture did work, it would still be illegal.
WAR CRIMES FOR THE NEW YEAR
What about the other proposals we’ve heard from Republican candidates? Some of them are certainly war crimes. “Carpet bombing,” a metaphor that describes an all-too-real air-power nightmare (as many Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians learned during our wars in Indochina), means the saturation of an entire area with enough bombs to destroy everything standing without regard for the lives of anyone who might be on the ground. It is illegal under the laws of war, because it makes no distinction between civilians and combatants.
Because aerial bombardment hadn’t even been invented in 1907 when the Hague Conventions were signed, they don’t name carpet bombing specifically in a list of prohibited “means of injuring the enemy, sieges, and bombardments.” Nevertheless, at the center of the Hague Conventions, as with all the laws and customs of war, lies the crucial distinction between combatants and civilians. To destroy an entire populated area in order to eliminate a handful of fighters violates the long-held and internationally recognized principle of proportionality.
The Hague Conventions also put into the written international legal code long-held beliefs about the importance of distinguishing between civilians and combatants in war. Ben Carson’s willingness to allow the deaths of thousands of civilians and children in the pursuit of ISIS fundamentally violates exactly that principle.
In another shameful exception, the United States has never ratified a 1977 addition to the Geneva Conventions that specifically outlaws carpet bombing. Additional Protocol 1 specifically addresses the protection of civilians during warfare. Apart from such US allies as Israel and Turkey, 174 countries have signed Protocol 1, explicitly making carpet bombing a war crime.
If the United States has not ratified Protocol 1, does that mean it is free to violate its provisions? Not necessarily. When the vast majority of nations agree to such an accord, it can take on the power of “ international customary law”—a set of principles that have the force of law, whether or not they are written down and ratified. The International Committee of the Red Cross maintains a list of these rules of law. One section of these explicitly states that “indiscriminate attacks,” including “area bombardment,” are indeed illegal under customary law.
Senator Cruz’s promise to discover whether or not sand glows in the dark, presumably through the use of nuclear weapons, would violate the 1907 Hague Convention’s prohibitions on employing “poison or poisoned weapons” and on the use of “arms, projectiles, or material calculated to cause unnecessary suffering.” It no more matters that the United States ratified this convention over a century ago than that the Constitution is more than 200 years old. Jeb Bush’s suggestion that we get the lawyers “off the back of the warfighters” notwithstanding, both remain the law of the land.
That they don’t appear to have the force of law in the United States, that the description of possible future war crimes can rouse crowds to a cheering frenzy in this political season, represents a remarkable failure of political will; in particular, the willingness of the Obama administration to call a crime a crime and act accordingly. Globally, it is a failure of power rather than of the law. Prosecuting a former African autocrat or Serbian leader for war crimes is obviously a very different and far less daunting matter than bringing to justice top officials of the planet’s only superpower. That is made all the more difficult because, under George W. Bush, the United States informed the world that it would never ratify the accords that set up the International Criminal Court.
IN THE GLARE OF SAN BERNARDINO
Human Rights Watch released its report on December 1. The next day, a married couple, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, attacked a holiday party at San Bernardino’s Department of Public Health, where Farook worked. They killed 14 people before dying in a police shootout. It was a horrific crime and it appears that the two were, at least in part, inspired by the social media presence of the Islamic State (even if they were not in any way directed by that group). Not surprisingly, the HRW report sank like a stone from public view. With it went their key recommendations: that a special prosecutor be appointed to investigate and bring to trial those responsible for CIA torture practices and that US torture victims be guaranteed redress in American courts, something both the Bush and Obama administrations have foughtfiercely, even though it is a key requirement of the UN Convention against Torture.
As last year ended, the fear machine had cranked up once again, and Americans were being reminded by those who aspire to lead us that no price is too high to pay for our security—as long as it’s paid by somebody else. Expect more of the same in 2016.
And yet it is precisely now, when we are most afraid, that our leaders—present and future—should not be stoking our fears. They should instead be reminding us that there is something more valuable—and more achievable—than perfect security. They should be encouraging us not to seek a cowardly exception from the laws of war, but to be brave and abide by them. So here’s the challenge: Will we find the courage to resist the fear machine this time? Will we find the will to prosecute the war crimes of the past and prevent the ones our candidates are screaming for? Or will we allow our nation to remain what it has become: a terrible and terrifying exception to the international rule of law?
