In(ternet) Love: Have a Healthy Online Relationship

***I'll be the first to admit, "I don't get it" yet someone asked.

In(ternet) Love: Have a Healthy Online Relationship

March 26, 2015/2 Comments/in Dating & Hooking Up
In many ways, having a relationship with someone you met online is a lot like having a relationship IRL. You probably talk to your online partner about stuff that’s important to you, look forward to their texts or chats, Skype with them for face-to-face convos, and you might even develop strong feelings for them. Meeting someone on the internet – whether through social media, online dating sites, gaming sites or other forums – and developing an online relationship has become very common, and it’s a perfectly valid type of relationship. But just like any other kind of relationship, online relationships can be healthy, unhealthy or abusive.


Safety!
First and foremost, we want to talk about your safety online. The internet can be an awesome place to meet and connect with people, but it’s important to use common sense, just like you would in any other situation. Be cautious about the information you give out online, like your full name, personal email, cell number or address. Once you send something online or digitally to another person, it’s out of your control. To learn more about safety and relationships on the internet, check out this post on Scarleteen.

It’s also a good idea to spend some time getting to know someone. Just because you met online doesn’t mean you can’t take things at a pace that’s comfortable for you. Also, keep in mind that some people choose to create fake personas online, which is known as “catfishing.” Head over to our blog post, Getting Caught By a Catfish, to learn more about how to figure out if your partner is catfishing you.

Healthy Online Relationships
A healthy online relationship needs the same things all healthy relationships need: communication, trust and boundaries.

Communication

We can’t say it enough: honest, open communication is SO necessary! An online relationship can be especially dependent on honest communication, and there are tons of ways – text, chat, FaceTime, Skype – to keep in touch with your partner. But since you probably rely so much on these different ways to communicate, it’s important to set boundaries with your partner that work for both of you. When and how you communicate, how often you text, is Skyping okay, etc. are all things to discuss with your partner to make sure you’re both comfortable with what’s happening. If you’re having trouble agreeing on these boundaries, or your partner isn’t respecting them, it might be time to reconsider whether the relationship is right for you.

Trust

Trust is very key in a healthy relationship. When you aren’t around someone physically, feeling emotionally close and connected to them can be tough. If you find that this lack of feeling close is turning into mistrust, and that mistrust is making your partner (or you) want or try to control where you go, who you see, and what you do with your time, that is not okay. Regardless of whether you are physically close or far away, trust is still a decision that you and your partner can make, and it’s not healthy to continue a relationship where there is not trust.

Boundaries

We talked a bit above about setting boundaries around communication, but boundaries are important for all aspects of a relationship. It’s helpful for both partners to have realistic expectations about the relationship, especially if you are not able to be around each other physically. Every relationship is going to have a different set of boundaries, because everyone is different; what’s important is that both you and your partner feel comfortable and safe.

Unhealthy – or Abusive?
Even if you’ve never met your online partner in person, they can still be abusive toward you. Online or digital abuse is just as serious as any other type of abuse. Some signs of abuse in an online relationship might include your online partner:

Threatening or attempting to hurt themselves in order to get you to do what they want
Calling you names, minimizing your feelings or verbally abusing you via chat/text
Coercing you into sending sexually explicit pictures or sexting with them when you don’t want to
Demanding your passwords to your social media accounts
Threatening to post, or actually posting, humiliating or private information about you online
Withholding communication until you do what they want you to do
Checking up on you constantly, and/or demanding that you communicate or Skype with them for long periods of time so they can keep tabs on you
Getting angry when you want to spend time with friends or family
Blaming you for their abusive or harmful behavior
Using distance or the fact that you’re in an online relationship as an excuse to manipulate or control you
You deserve to be treated with respect in you relationship, online or off. If you’re noticing some unhealthy or abusive behaviors in your relationship, or if something just doesn’t feel right to you, call, chat or text with one of our peer advocates. Our services are free and completely confidential!

Related on loveisrespect:

Is Your Long-Distance Relationship Unhealthy?
Our friends at Scarleteen have some great posts related to this topic – check ‘em out!

He (Mostly) Seems Nice Online. Should I Meet Him in Person?
Going the Distance: A Few Thoughts on Long-Distance Relationships
How Can I Trust Her if I Can’t See What She’s Doing?
Tags: communication, digital abuse, healthy relationships, online relationships, sexting, technology
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23 Incredible technologies.

WHILE WE can’t really predict what the future holds, we can look at how far we’ve come with technology in merely the last decade and realize the present we know now will, very soon, find itself memorialized in nostalgia. Here are some technologies on the horizon that are poised to change your life.

2012

Ultrabooks – The last two years have been all about the tablet. Laptops, with their “untouchable” screens, have yet to match any tablet’s featherweight portability and zippy response times. However, by next year, ultraportable notebooks — Ultrabooks — will finally be available for under $1000, bringing a complete computing experience into areas of life which, until now, have only been partially filled by smaller technologies such as tablets and smartphones. They weigh around three pounds, measure less than an inch thick, and the hard drives are flash-based, which means they’ll have no moving parts, delivering zippy-quick startups and load times.

The Mars Science Laboratory – By August 2012, the next mission to Mars will reach the Martian surface with a new rover named Curiosity focusing on whether Mars could ever have supported life, and whether it might be able to in the future. Curiosity will be more than 5 times larger than the previous Mars rover, and the mission will cost around $2.3 billion — or just about one and a half New Yankee Stadiums.

The Brain Cap, from U of Maryland.

The paralyzed will walk. But, perhaps not in the way that you’d imagine. Using a machine-brain interface, researchers are making it possible for otherwise paralyzed humans to control neuroprostheses — essentially mechanical limbs that respond to human thought — allowing them to walk and regain bodily control. The same systems are also being developed for the military, which one can only assume means this project won’t flounder due to a lack of funding.

2013

The Rise of Electronic Paper – Right now, e-paper is pretty much only used in e-readers like the Kindle, but it’s something researchers everywhere are eager to expand upon. Full-color video integration is the obvious next step, and as tablet prices fall, it’s likely newspapers will soon be fully eradicated from their current form. The good news: less deforestation, and more user control over your sources.

4G will be the new standard in cell phone networks. What this means: your phone will download data about as fast as your home computer can. While you’ve probably seen lots of 4G banter from the big cell providers, it’s not very widely available in most phones. However, both Verizon and the EU intend to do away with 3G entirely by 2013, which will essentially bring broadband-level speeds to wireless devices on cell networks. It won’t do away with standard internet providers, but it will bring “worldwide WiFi” capabilities to anyone with a 4G data plan.

Read more: 10 ways technology will change travel by 2020

The Eye of Gaia, a billion-pixel telescope will be sent into space this year to begin photographing and mapping the universe on a scale that was recently impossible. With the human eye, one can see several thousand stars on a clear night; Gaia will observe more than a billion over the course of its mission — about 1% of all the stars in the Milky Way. As well, it will look far beyond our own galaxy, even as far as the end of the (observable) universe.

2014

A 1 Terabyte SD Memory Card probably seems like an impossibly unnecessary technological investment. Many computers still don’t come with that much memory, much less SD memory cards that fit in your digital camera. Yet thanks to Moore’s Law we can expect that the 1TB SD card will become commonplace in 2014, and increasingly necessary given the much larger swaths of data and information that we’re constantly exchanging every day (thanks to technologies like memristors and our increasing ever-connectedness). The only disruptive factor here could be the rise of cloud-computing, but as data and transfer speeds continue to rise, it’s inevitable that we’ll need a physical place to store our digital stuff.

The first around-the-world flight by a solar-powered plane will be accomplished by now, bringing truly clean energy to air transportation for the first time. Consumer models are still far down the road, but you don’t need to let your imagination wander too far to figure out that this is definitely a game-changer. Consider this: it took humans quite a few milennia to figure out how to fly; and only a fraction of that time to do it with solar power.

The Solar Impulse, to be flown around the world. Photo by Stephanie Booth

The world’s most advanced polar icebreaker is currently being developed as a part of the EU’s scientific development goals and is scheduled to launch in 2014. As global average temperatures continue to climb, an understanding and diligence to the polar regions will be essential to monitoring the rapidly changing climates — and this icebreaker will be up to the task.

$100 personal DNA sequencing is what’s being promised by a company called BioNanomatrix, which the company founder Han Cao has made possible through his invention of the ‘nanofluidic chip.’ What this means: by being able to cheaply sequence your individual genome, a doctor could biopsy a tumor, sequence the DNA, and use that information to determine a prognosis and prescribe treatment for less than the cost of a modern-day x-ray. And by specifically inspecting the cancer’s DNA, treatment can be applied with far more specific — and effective — accuracy.

2015

The world’s first zero-carbon, sustainable city in the form of Masdar City will be initially completed just outside of Abu Dhabi. The city will derive power solely from solar and other renewable resources, offer homes to more than 50,000 people.

Personal 3D Printing is currently reserved for those with extremely large bank accounts or equally large understandings about 3D printing; but by 2015, printing in three dimensions (essentially personal manufacturing) will become a common practice in the household and in schools. Current affordable solutions include do-it-yourself kits like Makerbot, but in four years it should look more like a compact version of the uPrint. Eventually, this technology could lead to technologies such as nanofabricators and matter replicators — but not for at least a few decades.

2016

Space tourism will hit the mainstream. Well, sorta. Right now it costs around $20-30 million to blast off and chill at the International Space Station, or $200,000 for a sub-orbital spaceflight from Virgin Galactic. But the market is growing faster than most realize: within five years, companies like Space Island,Galactic Suite, and Orbital Technologies may realize their company missions, with space tourism packages ranging from $10,000 up-and-backs to $1 million five-night stays in an orbiting hotel suite.

The sunscreen pill will hit the market, protecting the skin as well as the eyes from UV rays. By reverse-engineering the way coral reefs shield themselves from the sun, scientists are very optimistic about the possibility, much to the dismay of sunscreen producers everywhere.

Read more: 13 future car technologies for your road trip in 2020

A Woolly Mammoth will be reborn among other now-extinct animals in 2016, assuming all goes according to the current plans of Japan’s Riken Center for Developmental Biology. If they can pull it off, expect long lines at Animal Kingdom.

2017

Portable laser pens that can seal wounds – Imagine you’re hiking fifty miles from the nearest human, and you slip, busting your knee wide open, gushing blood. Today, you might stand a chance of some serious blood loss — but in less than a decade you might be carrying a portable laser pen capable of sealing you back up Wolverine-style.

2018

Light Peak technology, a method of super-high-data-transfer, will enable more than 100 Gigabytes per second — and eventually whole terabytes per second — within everyday consumer electronics. This enables the copying of entire hard drives in a matter of seconds, although by this time the standard hard drive is probably well over 2TB.

Insect-sized robot spies aren’t far off from becoming a reality, with the military currently hard at work to bring Mission Impossible-sized tech to the espionage playground. Secret weapon: immune to bug spray.

2019

The average PC has the power of the human brain. According to Ray Kurzweil, who has a better grip on the future than probably anyone else, the Law of Accelerating Returns will usher in an exponentially greater amount of computing power than every before.

The Web Within Us. Image by Anna Lena Schiller.

Web 3.0 – What will it look like? Is it already here? It’s always difficult to tell just where we stand in terms of technological chronology. But if we assume that Web 1.0 was based only upon hyperlinks, and Web 2.0 is based on the social, person-to-person sharing of links, then Web 3.0 uses a combination of socially-sourced information, curated by a highly refined, personalizable algorithm (“they” call it the Semantic Web). We’re already in the midst of it, but it’s still far from its full potential.

Energy from a fusion reactor has always seemed just out of reach. It’s essentially the process of producing infinite energy from a tiny amount of resources, but it requires a machine that can contain a reaction that occurs at over 125,000,000 degrees. However, right now in southern France, the fusion reactor of the future is being built to power up by 2019, with estimates of full-scale fusion power available by 2030.

2020

Crash-proof cars have been promised by Volvo, to be made possible by using radar, sonar, and driver alert systems. Considering automobile crashes kill over30,000 people in the U.S. per year, this is definitely a welcome technology.

2021

So, what should we expect in 2021? Well, 10 years ago, what did you expect to see now? Did you expect the word “Friend” to become a verb? Did you expect your twelve-year-old brother to stay up texting until 2am? Did you expect 140-character messaging systems enabling widespread revolutions against decades-old dictatorial regimes?

The next 10 years will be an era of unprecedented connectivity; this much we know. It will build upon the social networks, both real and virtual, that we’ve all played a role in constructing, bringing ideas together that would have otherwise remained distant, unknown strangers. Without twitter and a steady drip of mainstream media, would we have ever so strongly felt the presence of the Arab Spring? What laughs, gasps, or loves, however fleeting, would have been lost if not for Chatroulette? Keeping in mind that as our connections grow wider and more intimate, so too will the frequency of our connectedness, and as such, your own understanding of just what kinds of relationships are possible will be stretched and revolutionized as much as any piece of hardware.

Truly, the biggest changes we’ll face will not come in the form of any visible technology; the changes that matter most, as they always have, will occur in those places we know best but can never quite see: our own hearts and minds. 

* Brought to you in partnership between Matador and our friends at Intel, whose technology enables so much of the lifestyle in which we thrive. Join us in the conversation on Twitter with #IntelEMP.

* This post was originally published on October 17, 2011.

http://matadornetwork.com/life/24-incredible-new-technologies-youll-see-by-2021/

The worst countries for Blacks to travel and or live.

China
A person of African descent traveling to China should not be surprised if they are repeatedly stared at or even swarmed by crowds of curious Chinese who will treat them as a spectacle by taking pictures, touching their hair, rubbing their skin, and asking questions that reflect their ignorance and lack of interaction with Black people.

Racism against Blacks may be the strongest form of prejudice in China. Chinese racism is linked to ignorance, class divisions, ethnocentrism and colorism that exists within Chinese society. Many people in China look down upon other Chinese of darker skin, and believe the whiter skin has more beauty.

In China, Black people are viewed through stereotypes, and most Chinese assume Blacks are poor, uneducated, violent, play basketball, are barbaric and wild, and even eat each other. The most common Chinese slur used against Black people means “black ghost.”

South Korea

Racist mockery of Black people is very common in the public sphere in South Korea.  When a Black person turns on the television in Korea, they can  expect to experience Koreans using blackface and other stereotypical depictions to mock African people, the Diaspora, and Black culture in general.

Tourists can also anticipate being mistreated because of skin color or ethnicity. Foreigners say although many Koreans are polite and respectful,  it’s not unusual to experience an angry, public xenophobic outburst from some of Korea’s citizens and taxi drivers, who they say overlook them in favor of picking up Koreans.  A number of visitors have also reported locals shifting uneasily away from them on public transportation.

Some Koreans and visitors explain the racism against Black people as stemming from a fear of the unknown, since the country  has historically been one of the most ethnically homogeneous nations in the world. Some Koreans will go their entire lives and never see a Black person. Others say Koreans, over time, have adopted whites’ attitudes towards Blacks.

 
Learn more about the history of African-American travel abroad:

Diary of a Traveling Black Woman: A Guide to International Travel

Paris Reflections: Walks through African-American Paris

American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era

African American Travel Narratives from Abroad: Mobility and Cultural Work in the Age of Jim Crow

 Complete > http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/01/08/8-worst-countries-black-people-travel/4/

One source rates America as the 11th worst place for Blacks

11. USA

Yes, the land of the free is still not quite as free in their mindset as expected. Generally racism is on the decline in the USA but there are certain places in the country, especially in the south, where even a tourist could find trouble with the locals.

Complete story @http://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/11-worst-countries-for-black-people-to-travel-353381/

Start your own business with little to no money.

Come up with an idea. You will need an idea for a business before you do anything else. This should be something you are passionate about, since your new business will consume a great deal of your time and money.
Come up with business ideas by identifying things people need and are willing to pay for, that isn’t provided in your area, or which you can provide better than anyone else.


Image titled Start Your Own Business Step 2
Consider if it is possible. Before going too far, think about how plausible your idea is. Is it something that people would actually pay for? Will it turn enough of a profit to be worth spending your time to do it? You will also need to be sure that it is possible to put into action. While it would be great to have a computer which makes food magically appear out of thin air, this is simply impossible (unless you’re Patrick Stewart.)
Image titled Start Your Own Business Step 3
Be sure it’s unique. Whatever your idea is, be sure it’s as unique as possible. This will help you eliminate or significantly combat competition, which will make your business more successful. Simply putting a small spin on a currently existing product (making blue Red vines or something like that) is not usually enough to build a business on, so push the envelope!


Part 2 of 7: Make A Business Plan
Image titled Start Your Own Business Step 41
Determine your cost of operation. You will need a solid business plan to present to any investors and the best place to start would be with determining your basic cost of operations. This will outline and help you determine how much money is needed to produce the product or offer the service you intend to offer or produce. It includes production costs, shipping, taxes, worker’s wages, rent for workspace, etc. [1]
Knowing your cost of operations will be vital to determining if your business will be profitable, since you will need to make more than this baseline in order to remain in business.
Image titled Start Your Own Business Step 5



Determine your potential market. Be realistic. How many people will realistically use your business? How much will they pay to use your services? If either number is too small in comparison to how much it will cost you to stay in business, then you should reconsider or change your plans.
Image titled Start Your Own Business Step 63
Determine impediments. You will need to plan ahead for all of the problems which can get in the way of running a business.
Evaluate your competition; if their market share or product offering is too strong and stable, then you will have a very hard time breaking into the market. No one will want to buy an equally priced or more expensive version of a perfectly good product or service which already exists.
You will also need to explore the associated regulations and laws, especially regarding taxes. You should ask your local state authorities, as well getting information from the IRS.[2]
Make sure there are no prohibitive costs, such as equipment which is too expensive to make the business profitable. For example, cars didn’t take off until Ford figured out how to make them cheap by building more efficient equipment.

Read more >  http://www.wikihow.com/Start-Your-Own-Business          

                              Complete tutorial > http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/238538

6 Home Businesses You Can Start With No Money

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 6 Home Businesses You Can Start With No MoneyBy Holly Reisem Hanna

Recently, I received an email from an individual who was desperately seeking a legit, online, work from home business opportunity. This individual had currently moved to a very rural area of town and was unable to commute daily for work. Another obstacle that this individual faced was the issue of needing money ASAP to pay for bills and daily living expenses, but still desired the flexibility and perks of being their own boss.

While this might sound like a hopeless case, it’s not. There are actually quite a few options for individuals who want to run their own business with little or no startup fees.

Here are 6 Home Businesses You Can Start With No Money.

Blogging:

Obviously, I’m a huge advocate for starting your own monetized blog, however it does become a bit tricky when you’re trying do it for free. First you have two options for getting started – you can either use the free WordPress platform or the free version of Blogger. Both have similar features in terms of functionality and design and both can be monetized, but only thorough their respective ad networks. What this means is that you’re able to monetize your blog, but only by using WordPress’ word ads and Blogger’s Adsense ads. So you won’t be able to sell your own direct ads, participate in affiliate marketing, or produce sponsored content.

While this does limit your earning potential, it’s does give you the initial foundation for building an audience. Once you have a little bit of money rolling in, you can easily transfer your blog over to the paid versions of WordPress and Blogger where you will be able to fully monetize your blog and start making some real money.

And when you do, make sure to check out … 44 Ways to Make Money Blogging.

Child Care:

As a preteen and teen babysitting was my bread and butter. I would babysit my father’s co-worker’s children, the neighborhood kids, my siblings, as well as children from the church we attended. It was an easy way to make some money and obviously, I didn’t spend any money on advertising my services. While most of my clients were from word of mouth referrals, I was also able to offer my child care services on the local bulletin board at our church, and I let it be known that I wanted to work.

You too can make good money by offering your services as a nanny or babysitter. If you’re able to gather up some positive referrals from friends and family members and then let it be known that you’re open for business. Places like Facebook, Craigslist, Sitter City and local bulletin boards are great locations to promote your business (not to mention they’re all free) and always remember to personally connect with neighbors, friends and family and let them know about your services. Once you get some money rolling in, you may want to consider offering daily daycare services, if so check out FabJob’s manual for Becoming a Daycare Owner.

Complete > http://www.theworkathomewoman.com/businesses-start-no-money/

                                                                 

10,000hp & Drag Racing

Among the many vehicle debuts at the ongoing 2014 SEMA Show in Las Vegas is the 2015 Dodge Charger R/T Funny Car – a purpose built drag car that will help Team Mopar go after another championship in 2015 with 10,000 awesome Hemi horsepower.

Other Dodge SEMA Galleries:
The 2015 Dodge Challenger T/A Concept
The 2015 Dodge Viper ACR Concept

You read that right – the supercharged Hemi V8 in the 2015 Dodge Charger R/T funny car is capable of producing 10,000 horsepower. That is enough power to send the 2,400 pound Charger race car down the quarter mile in the high 3 second range with speeds well over 300 miles per hour. It achieves this incredible power with forced induction and a monster nitro methane fuel system that delivers 90 gallons of fuel per minute.

That is 90 gallons of fuel every minute to make the prescribed 10,000 horsepower in the 2015 Dodge Charger R/T funny car.

NHRA 2015 Charger VS Hellcat 2015 Charger
To put the figures for the 2015 Dodge Charger R/T funny car into perspective, let’s compare this purpose built drag car to the 2015 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat road car. Of course, this isn’t a realistic comparison, but it helps to show what kind of power the new drag car (and all modern NHRA funny cars) makes in comparison to one of the most powerful production cars in the world.

The Hellcat Charger packs 707 horsepower and weighs around 4,500 pounds (estimated) for a power to weight ratio of 6.36 pounds per horsepower. The Charger R/T funny car has 10,000 horsepower and weighs 2,400lbs for a power to weight ratio of 0.24 pounds per horsepower. The Hellcat Charger is capable of dashing from a stop to 60 miles per hour in the high 3 second range while running the quarter mile in 11 seconds flat en route to a top speed of 204 miles per hour – all of which make the Hellcat Charger the best performance sedan in the world. In the same high 3 second range, the 2015 Charger R/T funny car is able to get to 300 miles per hour and it does so in the length of a quarter mile drag strip. Finally, while the world’s fastest sedan can reach a top speed of 204 miles per hour, the 2015 Charger R/T funny car can reach speeds in excess of 340 miles per hour – in the quarter mile.

Hitting the Track in 2015
While this new Dodge Charger drag car made its formal debut at the 2014 SEMA Show in Las Vegas, it will make its on-track debut when the 2015 NHRA season opens next February at the Winter Nationals in Sonoma California. One of the drivers piloting this new Charger race car will be Matt Hagan, who currently leads the 2014 NHRA funny car championship race in his Dodge Charger. Hagan took the title back in 2011 with a Charger while Jack Beckman claimed the title in 2012, also in a Charger. This means that the 2015 Charger funny car body will have some big shoes to fill, but I would expect to see continued success from the Mopar factory back drag racing program with the help of this new body.

More at > http://www.torquenews.com/106/2015-dodge-charger-packs-10000hp-weighs-2400lbs

When designing an engine to pull in more than atmospheric pressure, tuners often turn to forced induction. It’s one of the fastest ways to add significant power to almost any engine, and there are two prevalent ways it can be done: supercharging and turbocharging.

What’s the difference? A supercharger is an air compressor driven by the crankshaft of an engine, usually connected with a belt. Alternatively, a turbocharger is simply an air compressor driven by an exhaust gas turbine. That’s the one key difference; a supercharger requires engine power to run, while a turbocharger runs off waste energy created by the engine. You might assume that because the turbo is run off waste gases that it’s more efficient, and you’d be correct!

1. Turbocharger advantages and disadvantages:

Pros:

• Significant increase in horsepower.
• Power vs size: allows for smaller engine displacements to produce much more power relative to their size.
• Better fuel economy: smaller engines use less fuel to idle, and have less rotational and reciprocating mass, which improves fuel economy.
• Higher efficiency: turbochargers run off energy that is typically lost in naturally-aspirated and supercharged engines (exhaust gases), thus the recovery of this energy improves the overall efficiency of the engine.

Cons:

• Turbo lag: turbochargers, especially large turbochargers, take time to spool up and provide useful boost.
• Boost threshold: for traditional turbochargers, they are often sized for a certain RPM range where the exhaust gas flow is adequate to provide additional boost for the engine. They typically do not operate across as wide an RPM range as superchargers.
• Power surge: in some turbocharger applications, especially with larger turbos, reaching the boost threshold can provide an almost instantaneous surge in power, which could compromise tyre traction or cause some instability of the car.
• Oil requirement: turbochargers get very hot and often tap into the engine’s oil supply. This calls for additional plumbing, and is more demanding on the engine oil. Superchargers typically do not require engine oil lubrication.

More at > https://www.carthrottle.com/post/engineering-explained-the-pros-and-cons-of-turbochargers-vs-superchargers/